1 Kings Chapter 20 · Verse 21
And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.
Original Language Analysis
וַיֵּצֵא֙
went out
H3318
וַיֵּצֵא֙
went out
Strong's:
H3318
Word #:
1 of 12
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
of Israel
H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
of Israel
Strong's:
H3478
Word #:
3 of 12
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְהִכָּ֥ה
and slew
H5221
וְהִכָּ֥ה
and slew
Strong's:
H5221
Word #:
4 of 12
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת
H853
אֶת
Strong's:
H853
Word #:
5 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וְאֶת
H853
וְאֶת
Strong's:
H853
Word #:
7 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָרָ֑כֶב
and chariots
H7393
הָרָ֑כֶב
and chariots
Strong's:
H7393
Word #:
8 of 12
a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone
וְהִכָּ֥ה
and slew
H5221
וְהִכָּ֥ה
and slew
Strong's:
H5221
Word #:
9 of 12
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
בַֽאֲרָ֖ם
the Syrians
H758
בַֽאֲרָ֖ם
the Syrians
Strong's:
H758
Word #:
10 of 12
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
Historical Context
First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.
Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.
Questions for Reflection
- How does this passage illustrate the importance of complete obedience to God's word without compromise?
- What does Elijah's ministry reveal about God's character and His commitment to His covenant people?
- How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?
Analysis & Commentary
And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.
This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.
The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.